Background

This page is outdated and kept for documentation purposes only! It reflects the status of the translation activity mid-2019, before the launch of Puhti and Saga.

An experimentation environment for Statistical and Neural Machine Translations (SMT and NMT) is maintained for NLPL under the coordination of the University of Helsinki (UoH). Initially, the software and data are commissioned on the Finnish Taito supercluster.

Available software and data

Statistical machine translation and word alignment

Moses SMT pipeline with word alignment tools GIZA++, MGIZA, fast_align, with IRSTLM language model, with SALM:
- Release 4.0, installed on Abel and Taito as nlpl-moses/4.0-65c75ff (usage notes below)
- Release mmt-mvp-v0.12.1, installed on Taito as nlpl-moses/mmt-mvp-v0.12.1-2739-gdc42bcb (not recommended)
Additional word alignment tools efmaral and eflomal:
- Most recent version nlpl-efmaral/0.1_2018_12_17 (Abel) or nlpl-efmaral/0.1_2018_12_13 (Taito) (usage notes below)
- Previous version nlpl-efmaral/0.1_2017_11_24, installed on Abel and Taito
- Previous version nlpl-efmaral/0.1_2017_07_20, installed on Taito (not recommended)

Neural machine translation

HNMT (Helsinki Neural Machine Translation System) is installed on Taito-GPU. Usage notes below.
- Release 1.0.1 from https://github.com/robertostling/hnmt installed as nlpl-hnmt/1.0.1
- Installation updated on 19/3/2018
Marian is installed on Taito-GPU. Usage notes below.
- Release 1.2.0 from https://github.com/marian-nmt/marian installed as nlpl-marian/1.2.0
OpenNMT-py is installed on Taito and Abel. Details
A more recent version of OpenNMT-py is installed on Taito-GPU and can be loaded with module load nlpl-opennmt-py-gpu. This version may solve some Cuda errors observed with the above version on Taito-GPU.

General scripts for machine translation

The nlpl-mttools module provides a series of preprocessing and evaluation scripts useful for any kind of machine translation research, independently of the toolkit.
- First installed on 23/12/2018 on Taito and Abel.
- See the mttools page for further details.

Datasets

IWSLT17 parallel data (0.6G, on Taito and Abel):
```
/proj[ects]/nlpl/data/translation/iwslt17
```
WMT17 news task parallel data (16G, on Taito and Abel):
```
/proj[ects]/nlpl/data/translation/wmt17news
```
WMT17 news task data preprocessed (tokenized, truecased and BPE-encoded) for the Helsinki submissions (5G, on Taito and Abel):
```
/proj[ects]/nlpl/data/translation/wmt17news_helsinki
```
IWSLT18 (low-resource Basque-to-English task) parallel data (0.9G, on Taito and Abel):
```
/proj[ects]/nlpl/data/translation/iwslt18
```
IWSLT18 (low-resource Basque-to-English task) preprocessed data from the Helsinki submission, with additional synthetic training data (2.6G, on Taito and Abel):
```
/proj[ects]/nlpl/data/translation/iwslt18_helsinki
```
WMT18 news task parallel data (17G, on Taito and Abel):
```
/proj[ects]/nlpl/data/translation/wmt18news
```
WMT18 news task data preprocessed (tokenized, truecased and BPE-encoded) for the Helsinki submissions (17G, on Taito and Abel):
```
/proj[ects]/nlpl/data/translation/wmt18news_helsinki
```
WMT19 news task data (German-English and Finnish-English), consisting of cleaned parallel data and backtranslations used in the Helsinki submissions (28G, on Taito and Abel):
```
/proj[ects]/nlpl/data/translation/wmt18news_helsinki
```

Models

See this page for details.

Using the Moses module

Log into Taito or Abel

Activate the NLPL module repository:

module use -a /proj/nlpl/software/modulefiles/       # Taito
module use -a /projects/nlpl/software/modulefiles/   # Abel

Load the most recent version of the Moses module:
```
module load nlpl-moses
```
Start using Moses, e.g. using the tutorial at http://statmt.org/moses/
The module contains the standard installation as described at http://www.statmt.org/moses/?n=Development.GetStarted:
- cmph, irstlm, xmlprc
- with-mm
- max-kenlm-order 10
- max-factors 7
- SALM + filter-pt
For word alignment, you can use GIZA++, Mgiza and fast_align. (The word alignment tools efmaral and eflomal are part of a separate module.)
If you need to specify absolute paths in your scripts, you can find them on the help page of the module:
```
module help nlpl-moses
```

Using the Efmaral module

Log into Taito or Abel

Activate the NLPL module repository:

module use -a /proj/nlpl/software/modulefiles/       # Taito
module use -a /projects/nlpl/software/modulefiles/   # Abel

Load the most recent version of the Efmaral module:
```
module load nlpl-efmaral
```
You can use the align.py script directly:
```
align.py ...
```
You can use the efmaral module inside a Python3 script:
```
python3
>>> import efmaral
```

You can test the example given at https://github.com/robertostling/efmaral by changing to the installation directory:

cd $EFMARALPATH
python3 scripts/evaluate.py efmaral \
    3rdparty/data/test.eng.hin.wa \
    3rdparty/data/test.eng 3rdparty/data/test.hin \
    3rdparty/data/trial.eng 3rdparty/data/trial.hin

The Efmaral module also contains eflomal. You can use the alignment scripts as follows:
```
align_eflomal.py ...
```
You can also use the eflomal executable:
```
eflomal ...
```
You can also use the eflomal module in a Python3 script:
```
python3
>>> import eflomal
```
The atools executable (from fast_align) is also made available.

Using the HNMT module

Log into Taito-GPU (Important: this module only runs on Taito-GPU, not on Taito!)
The HNMT module can be loaded by activating the NLPL software repository:
```
module use -a /proj/nlpl/software/modulefiles/
module load nlpl-hnmt
```
Module-specific help is available by typing:
```
module help nlpl-hnmt
```
The main HNMT script can be called directly on the command line (hnmt.py), but for anything serious CUDA is required, which is only available from within SLURM scripts.
Because model training and testing is rather resource-intensive, we recommend to get started by using the example SLURM scripts, as explained below.

Example scripts

The directory /proj/nlpl/data/translation/hnmt_examples contains a set of SLURM scripts for training and testing a baseline English-to-Finnish HNMT system. Copy the scripts to your own working directory before trying them out.

Data preparation: The first script to launch is prepare.sh. It fetches the training, development and test data, extracts and reformats it, and calls the make_encode.py script to create vocabulary files for the source and target languages. This script runs rather fast and can be executed directly on a (Taito-GPU) login shell.
Training: The second script is train.sh and calls hnmt.py to train a model. Launch it with sbatch train.sh. The parameters are fairly standard, except training time, which is kept low for testing purposes here (we tend to max out the Taito limits with 71h of training time...).
- The training.*.out file contains information about the training batches (training time and loss), and also shows translations of a small number of held-out sentences for examining the training process:
```
SOURCE / TARGET / OUTPUT
at least for the time being , all of them will continue working at their current sites .
ainakin toistaiseksi he kaikki jatkavat töitään nykyisissä toimipaikoissaan .
ainakin kaikki ne tekevät työtä tällä hetkellä .
```
- The training.log and training.log.eval files report additional information, as explained on [1].
- The training process creates a train.model.final file, which is then used for testing.
Testing: The last script is test.sh and calls hnmt.py to test the previously created model on held-out data. Launch it with sbatch test.sh. HNMT includes evaluation scripts for chrF and BLEU and will report these scores if a reference file is given.
- The resulting translations are written to test.trans.
- In the test.*.out file, you should obtain scores close to the following (depending on the neural network initialization and the GPU used, results may vary slightly):
```
BLEU = 0.057750 (0.303002, 0.086025, 0.032001, 0.013334, BP = 1.000000)
LC BLEU = 0.057913 (0.303527, 0.086283, 0.032093, 0.013383, BP = 1.000000)
chrF = 0.310397 (precision = 0.355720, recall = 0.306064)
```

Troubleshooting

Fatal error in PMPI_Init_thread: Other MPI error, error stack:
MPIR_Init_thread(784).....:
MPID_Init(1326)...........: channel initialization failed
MPIDI_CH3_Init(120).......:
MPID_nem_init_ckpt(852)...:
MPIDI_CH3I_Seg_commit(307): PMI_Barrier returned -1

⇒ Even when using a SLURM script, the HNMT command has to be prefixed by srun: srun hnmt.py ...

```
ERROR (theano.gpuarray): Could not initialize pygpu, support disabled
```
⇒ HNMT does not run on the login shell, try running it through a SLURM script.

ERROR (theano.gof.opt): SeqOptimizer apply <theano.scan_module.scan_opt.PushOutScanOutput object at 0x7f7fa34fa7b8>
 ...
 theano.gof.fg.InconsistencyError: Trying to reintroduce a removed node

⇒ This message often occurs at the beginning of the training process and signals an optimization failure. It has no visible effect on training - the program continues running correctly.

```
pygpu.gpuarray.GpuArrayException: b'cuMemAlloc: CUDA_ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORY: out of memory'
```
⇒ This error can be prevented by decreasing the amount of pre-allocation (default is 0.9). Make sure to avoid overwriting the existing content of the THEANO_FLAGS variable:
export THEANO_FLAGS="$THEANO_FLAGS",gpuarray.preallocate=0.8

Using the Marian module

Log into Taito-GPU (Important: this module only runs on Taito-GPU, not on Taito!)
The Marian module can be loaded by activating the NLPL software repository:
```
module use -a /proj/nlpl/software/modulefiles/
module load nlpl-marian
```
Module-specific help is available by typing:
```
module help nlpl-marian
```
Note: A more recent version of Marian has been installed system-wide and can be loaded in the following way:
```
module load marian
```
The Marian executables can be called directly on the command line, but longer-running tasks should be run with SLURM scripts.
Marian comes with a couple of example scripts, which need to be adapted slightly for use on Taito. See below.

Example scripts

We provide adaptations of the Marian example scripts. These are best copied into your personal workspace before running them:

cp -r /proj/nlpl/software/marian/1.2.0/examples ./marian_examples

Training-basics: Launch the script with sbatch run-me.sh.
Transformer: Launch the script with sbatch run-me.sh. Note that the script is limited to run for 24h, which will not complete the training process. Also, multi-GPU processes consume a lot of billing units on CSC, so be careful with Transformer experiments!
Translating-amun Launch the script with sbatch run-me.sh.

Contact: Yves Scherrer, University of Helsinki, firstname.lastname@helsinki.fi

Translation/taito abel

Contents

Background

Available software and data

Statistical machine translation and word alignment

Neural machine translation

General scripts for machine translation

Datasets

Models

Using the Moses module

Using the Efmaral module

Using the HNMT module

Example scripts

Troubleshooting

Using the Marian module

Example scripts

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